Angular Contact Ball Bearing is mainly applied on high speed, high precision and little axial load occasions, such as airplane engine main shaft, machine tool main shaft and main shafts of other high speed precision machine. It can also be applied on high frequency motor, steam turbine, oil pump, air compressor and printing machine etc. It is 1 of the bearings most widely used in machinery industry.
Applications:
Single row angular contact ball bearings: machine tool spindles, high frequency motors, gas turbines, centrifuges, small car front wheel, differential pinion shaft, booster pumps, drilling platforms, food machinery, dividing head, fill welder, low-noise cooling towers, electrical and mechanical equipment, painting equipment, machine slot board, arc welding machine. Double row angular contact ball bearings: pump, blower, air compressor, various types of transmission, fuel injection pumps, printing machinery, planetary reducer, extraction equipment, cycloid reducer, food packaging machinery, welding machines, electric irons, square box, gravity gun, wire strippers, axle, test analysis equipment, fine chemicals, machinery.
Product Number
Bore Dia (d)
Outer Dia (D)
Width (B)
Dynamic Load Rating (Cr) (kN)
Static Load Rating (Cor) (kN)
7000
10 mm
26mm
8mm
4.65
2.07
7001
12 mm
28 mm
8 mm
5.05
2.46
7002
15 mm
32 mm
9 mm
5.8
3.15
7003
17 mm
35 mm
10 mm
7.15
3.85
7004
20 mm
42mm
12mm
9.7
5.6
7005
25 mm
47mm
12mm
10.7
6.85
7006
30 mm
55mm
13mm
13.9
9.45
7007
35 mm
62mm
14mm
17.5
12.6
7008
40 mm
68mm
15mm
18.8
14.6
7009
45 mm
75mm
16mm
22.3
17.7
7571
50 mm
80mm
16mm
23.7
20.1
7011
55 mm
90mm
18mm
31
26.3
7012
60 mm
95mm
18mm
32
28.1
7013
65 mm
100mm
18mm
33.5
31.5
7014
70 mm
110mm
20mm
42.5
39.5
7015
75 mm
115mm
20mm
43.5
41.5
7016
80 mm
125mm
22mm
53.5
50.5
7017
85 mm
130mm
22mm
54.5
53.5
7018
90 mm
140mm
24mm
65
63.5
7019
95 mm
145mm
24mm
67
67
7571
100 mm
150mm
24mm
68.5
70.5
7571
105 mm
160mm
26mm
80
81.5
7571
110 mm
170mm
28mm
92
93
7571
120 mm
180mm
28mm
93.5
98.5
7026
130 mm
200mm
33mm
117
125
7571
140 mm
210mm
33mm
120
133
7030
150 mm
225mm
35mm
137
154
7032
160 mm
240mm
38mm
155
176
7034
170 mm
260mm
42mm
186
214
7036
180 mm
280mm
46mm
219
266
7038
190 mm
290mm
46mm
224
280
7040
200 mm
310mm
51mm
252
325
Applications of Spline Couplings
A spline coupling is a highly effective means of connecting 2 or more components. These types of couplings are very efficient, as they combine linear motion with rotation, and their efficiency makes them a desirable choice in numerous applications. Read on to learn more about the main characteristics and applications of spline couplings. You will also be able to determine the predicted operation and wear. You can easily design your own couplings by following the steps outlined below.
Optimal design
The spline coupling plays an important role in transmitting torque. It consists of a hub and a shaft with splines that are in surface contact without relative motion. Because they are connected, their angular velocity is the same. The splines can be designed with any profile that minimizes friction. Because they are in contact with each other, the load is not evenly distributed, concentrating on a small area, which can deform the hub surface. Optimal spline coupling design takes into account several factors, including weight, material characteristics, and performance requirements. In the aeronautics industry, weight is an important design factor. S.A.E. and ANSI tables do not account for weight when calculating the performance requirements of spline couplings. Another critical factor is space. Spline couplings may need to fit in tight spaces, or they may be subject to other configuration constraints. Optimal design of spline couplers may be characterized by an odd number of teeth. However, this is not always the case. If the external spline’s outer diameter exceeds a certain threshold, the optimal spline coupling model may not be an optimal choice for this application. To optimize a spline coupling for a specific application, the user may need to consider the sizing method that is most appropriate for their application. Once a design is generated, the next step is to test the resulting spline coupling. The system must check for any design constraints and validate that it can be produced using modern manufacturing techniques. The resulting spline coupling model is then exported to an optimisation tool for further analysis. The method enables a designer to easily manipulate the design of a spline coupling and reduce its weight. The spline coupling model 20 includes the major structural features of a spline coupling. A product model software program 10 stores default values for each of the spline coupling’s specifications. The resulting spline model is then calculated in accordance with the algorithm used in the present invention. The software allows the designer to enter the spline coupling’s radii, thickness, and orientation.
Characteristics
An important aspect of aero-engine splines is the load distribution among the teeth. The researchers have performed experimental tests and have analyzed the effect of lubrication conditions on the coupling behavior. Then, they devised a theoretical model using a Ruiz parameter to simulate the actual working conditions of spline couplings. This model explains the wear damage caused by the spline couplings by considering the influence of friction, misalignment, and other conditions that are relevant to the splines’ performance. In order to design a spline coupling, the user first inputs the design criteria for sizing load carrying sections, including the external spline 40 of the spline coupling model 30. Then, the user specifies torque margin performance requirement specifications, such as the yield limit, plastic buckling, and creep buckling. The software program then automatically calculates the size and configuration of the load carrying sections and the shaft. These specifications are then entered into the model software program 10 as specification values. Various spline coupling configuration specifications are input on the GUI screen 80. The software program 10 then generates a spline coupling model by storing default values for the various specifications. The user then can manipulate the spline coupling model by modifying its various specifications. The final result will be a computer-aided design that enables designers to optimize spline couplings based on their performance and design specifications. The spline coupling model software program continually evaluates the validity of spline coupling models for a particular application. For example, if a user enters a data value signal corresponding to a parameter signal, the software compares the value of the signal entered to the corresponding value in the knowledge base. If the values are outside the specifications, a warning message is displayed. Once this comparison is completed, the spline coupling model software program outputs a report with the results. Various spline coupling design factors include weight, material properties, and performance requirements. Weight is 1 of the most important design factors, particularly in the aeronautics field. ANSI and S.A.E. tables do not consider these factors when calculating the load characteristics of spline couplings. Other design requirements may also restrict the configuration of a spline coupling.
Applications
Spline couplings are a type of mechanical joint that connects 2 rotating shafts. Its 2 parts engage teeth that transfer load. Although splines are commonly over-dimensioned, they are still prone to fatigue and static behavior. These properties also make them prone to wear and tear. Therefore, proper design and selection are vital to minimize wear and tear on splines. There are many applications of spline couplings. A key design is based on the size of the shaft being joined. This allows for the proper spacing of the keys. A novel method of hobbing allows for the formation of tapered bases without interference, and the root of the keys is concentric with the axis. These features enable for high production rates. Various applications of spline couplings can be found in various industries. To learn more, read on. FE based methodology can predict the wear rate of spline couplings by including the evolution of the coefficient of friction. This method can predict fretting wear from simple round-on-flat geometry, and has been calibrated with experimental data. The predicted wear rate is reasonable compared to the experimental data. Friction evolution in spline couplings depends on the spline geometry. It is also crucial to consider the lubrication condition of the splines. Using a spline coupling reduces backlash and ensures proper alignment of mated components. The shaft’s splined tooth form transfers rotation from the splined shaft to the internal splined member, which may be a gear or other rotary device. A spline coupling’s root strength and torque requirements determine the type of spline coupling that should be used. The spline root is usually flat and has a crown on 1 side. The crowned spline has a symmetrical crown at the centerline of the face-width of the spline. As the spline length decreases toward the ends, the teeth are becoming thinner. The tooth diameter is measured in pitch. This means that the male spline has a flat root and a crowned spline.
Predictability
Spindle couplings are used in rotating machinery to connect 2 shafts. They are composed of 2 parts with teeth that engage each other and transfer load. Spline couplings are commonly over-dimensioned and are prone to static and fatigue behavior. Wear phenomena are also a common problem with splines. To address these issues, it is essential to understand the behavior and predictability of these couplings. Dynamic behavior of spline-rotor couplings is often unclear, particularly if the system is not integrated with the rotor. For example, when a misalignment is not present, the main response frequency is 1 X-rotating speed. As the misalignment increases, the system starts to vibrate in complex ways. Furthermore, as the shaft orbits depart from the origin, the magnitudes of all the frequencies increase. Thus, research results are useful in determining proper design and troubleshooting of rotor systems. The model of misaligned spline couplings can be obtained by analyzing the stress-compression relationships between 2 spline pairs. The meshing force model of splines is a function of the system mass, transmitting torque, and dynamic vibration displacement. This model holds when the dynamic vibration displacement is small. Besides, the CZPT stepping integration method is stable and has high efficiency. The slip distributions are a function of the state of lubrication, coefficient of friction, and loading cycles. The predicted wear depths are well within the range of measured values. These predictions are based on the slip distributions. The methodology predicts increased wear under lightly lubricated conditions, but not under added lubrication. The lubrication condition and coefficient of friction are the key factors determining the wear behavior of splines.
Product Description of angular contact ball bearing
Angular contact ball bearings have inner and outer ring raceways that are displaced relative to each other in the direction of the bearing axis. This means that these bearings are designed to accommodate combined loads, i.e. simultaneously acting radial and axial loads. The axial load carrying capacity of angular contact ball bearings increases as the contact angle increases. The contact angle is defined as the angle between the line joining the points of contact of the ball and the raceways in the radial plane, along which the combined load is transmitted from 1 raceway to another, and a line perpendicular to the bearing axis.
The most commonly used designs are:
single row angular contact ball bearings.
double row angular contact ball bearings.
four-point contact ball bearings
Applications:
Single row angular contact ball bearings: machine tool spindles, high frequency motors, gas turbines, centrifuges, small car front wheel, differential pinion shaft, booster pumps, drilling platforms, food machinery, dividing head, fill welder, low-noise cooling towers, electrical and mechanical equipment, painting equipment, machine slot board, arc welding machine. Double row angular contact ball bearings: pump, blower, air compressor, various types of transmission, fuel injection pumps, printing machinery, planetary reducer, extraction equipment, cycloid reducer, food packaging machinery, welding machines, electric irons, square box, gravity gun, wire strippers, axle, test analysis equipment, fine chemicals, machinery.
Specifications of angular contact ball bearing 7205C
Product name
bearing 7205C
Dimension
25 mm
Brand name
OEM
Material
chrome steel
Weight
12 g
Hardness
58~62
Quality standard
SGS ISO9
We have all kinds of bearings, just tell me your item number and quantity,best price will be offered to you soon The material of the bearings, precision rating, seals type,OEM service,etc, all of them we can make according to your requiremen
What Are the Advantages of a Splined Shaft?
If you are looking for the right splined shaft for your machine, you should know a few important things. First, what type of material should be used? Stainless steel is usually the most appropriate choice, because of its ability to offer low noise and fatigue failure. Secondly, it can be machined using a slotting or shaping machine. Lastly, it will ensure smooth motion. So, what are the advantages of a splined shaft? Stainless steel is the best material for splined shafts
When choosing a splined shaft, you should consider its hardness, quality, and finish. Stainless steel has superior corrosion and wear resistance. Carbon steel is another good material for splined shafts. Carbon steel has a shallow carbon content (about 1.7%), which makes it more malleable and helps ensure smooth motion. But if you’re not willing to spend the money on stainless steel, consider other options. There are 2 main types of splines: parallel splines and crowned splines. Involute splines have parallel grooves and allow linear and rotary motion. Helical splines have involute teeth and are oriented at an angle. This type allows for many teeth on the shaft and minimizes the stress concentration in the stationary joint. Large evenly spaced splines are widely used in hydraulic systems, drivetrains, and machine tools. They are typically made from carbon steel (CR10) and stainless steel (AISI 304). This material is durable and meets the requirements of ISO 14-B, formerly DIN 5463-B. Splined shafts are typically made of stainless steel or C45 steel, though there are many other materials available. Stainless steel is the best material for a splined shaft. This metal is also incredibly affordable. In most cases, stainless steel is the best choice for these shafts because it offers the best corrosion resistance. There are many different types of splined shafts, and each 1 is suited for a particular application. There are also many different types of stainless steel, so choose stainless steel if you want the best quality. For those looking for high-quality splined shafts, CZPT Spline Shafts offer many benefits. They can reduce costs, improve positional accuracy, and reduce friction. With the CZPT TFE coating, splined shafts can reduce energy and heat buildup, and extend the life of your products. And, they’re easy to install – all you need to do is install them.
They provide low noise, low wear and fatigue failure
The splines in a splined shaft are composed of 2 main parts: the spline root fillet and the spline relief. The spline root fillet is the most critical part, because fatigue failure starts there and propagates to the relief. The spline relief is more susceptible to fatigue failure because of its involute tooth shape, which offers a lower stress to the shaft and has a smaller area of contact. The fatigue life of splined shafts is determined by measuring the S-N curve. This is also known as the Wohler curve, and it is the relationship between stress amplitude and number of cycles. It depends on the material, geometry and way of loading. It can be obtained from a physical test on a uniform material specimen under a constant amplitude load. Approximations for low-alloy steel parts can be made using a lower-alloy steel material. Splined shafts provide low noise, minimal wear and fatigue failure. However, some mechanical transmission elements need to be removed from the shaft during assembly and manufacturing processes. The shafts must still be capable of relative axial movement for functional purposes. As such, good spline joints are essential to high-quality torque transmission, minimal backlash, and low noise. The major failure modes of spline shafts include fretting corrosion, tooth breakage, and fatigue failure. The outer disc carrier spline is susceptible to tensile stress and fatigue failure. High customer demands for low noise and low wear and fatigue failure makes splined shafts an excellent choice. A fractured spline gear coupling was received for analysis. It was installed near the top of a filter shaft and inserted into the gearbox motor. The service history was unknown. The fractured spline gear coupling had longitudinally cracked and arrested at the termination of the spline gear teeth. The spline gear teeth also exhibited wear and deformation. A new spline coupling method detects fault propagation in hollow cylindrical splined shafts. A spline coupling is fabricated using an AE method with the spline section unrolled into a metal plate of the same thickness as the cylinder wall. In addition, the spline coupling is misaligned, which puts significant concentration on the spline teeth. This further accelerates the rate of fretting fatigue and wear. A spline joint should be lubricated after 25 hours of operation. Frequent lubrication can increase maintenance costs and cause downtime. Moreover, the lubricant may retain abrasive particles at the interfaces. In some cases, lubricants can even cause misalignment, leading to premature failure. So, the lubrication of a spline coupling is vital in ensuring proper functioning of the shaft. The design of a spline coupling can be optimized to enhance its wear resistance and reliability. Surface treatments, loads, and rotation affect the friction properties of a spline coupling. In addition, a finite element method was developed to predict wear of a floating spline coupling. This method is feasible and provides a reliable basis for predicting the wear and fatigue life of a spline coupling.
They can be machined using a slotting or shaping machine
Machines can be used to shape splined shafts in a variety of industries. They are useful in many applications, including gearboxes, braking systems, and axles. A slotted shaft can be manipulated in several ways, including hobbling, broaching, and slotting. In addition to shaping, splines are also useful in reducing bar diameter. When using a slotting or shaping machine, the workpiece is held against a pedestal that has a uniform thickness. The machine is equipped with a stand column and limiting column (Figure 1), each positioned perpendicular to the upper surface of the pedestal. The limiting column axis is located on the same line as the stand column. During the slotting or shaping process, the tool is fed in and out until the desired space is achieved. One process involves cutting splines into a shaft. Straddle milling, spline shaping, and spline cutting are 2 common processes used to create splined shafts. Straddle milling involves a fixed indexing fixture that holds the shaft steady, while rotating milling cutters cut the groove in the length of the shaft. Several passes are required to ensure uniformity throughout the spline. Splines are a type of gear. The ridges or teeth on the drive shaft mesh with grooves in the mating piece. A splined shaft allows the transmission of torque to a mate piece while maximizing the power transfer. Splines are used in heavy vehicles, construction, agriculture, and massive earthmoving machinery. Splines are used in virtually every type of rotary motion, from axles to transmission systems. They also offer better fatigue life and reliability. Slotting or shaping machines can also be used to shape splined shafts. Slotting machines are often used to machine splined shafts, because it is easier to make them with these machines. Using a slotting or shaping machine can result in splined shafts of different sizes. It is important to follow a set of spline standards to ensure your parts are manufactured to the highest standards. A milling machine is another option for producing splined shafts. A spline shaft can be set up between 2 centers in an indexing fixture. Two side milling cutters are mounted on an arbor and a spacer and shims are inserted between them. The arbor and cutters are then mounted to a milling machine spindle. To make sure the cutters center themselves over the splined shaft, an adjustment must be made to the spindle of the machine. The machining process is very different for internal and external splines. External splines can be broached, shaped, milled, or hobbed, while internal splines cannot. These machines use hard alloy, but they are not as good for internal splines. A machine with a slotting mechanism is necessary for these operations.
Angular Contact Ball Bearing is mainly applied on high speed, high precision and little axial load occasions, such as airplane engine main shaft, machine tool main shaft and main shafts of other high speed precision machine. It can also be applied on high frequency motor, steam turbine, oil pump, air compressor and printing machine etc. It is 1 of the bearings most widely used in machinery industry.
Applications:
Single row angular contact ball bearings: machine tool spindles, high frequency motors, gas turbines, centrifuges, small car front wheel, differential pinion shaft, booster pumps, drilling platforms, food machinery, dividing head, fill welder, low-noise cooling towers, electrical and mechanical equipment, painting equipment, machine slot board, arc welding machine. Double row angular contact ball bearings: pump, blower, air compressor, various types of transmission, fuel injection pumps, printing machinery, planetary reducer, extraction equipment, cycloid reducer, food packaging machinery, welding machines, electric irons, square box, gravity gun, wire strippers, axle, test analysis equipment, fine chemicals, machinery.
Product Number
Bore Dia (d)
Outer Dia (D)
Width (B)
Dynamic Load Rating (Cr) (kN)
Static Load Rating (Cor) (kN)
7000
10 mm
26mm
8mm
4.65
2.07
7001
12 mm
28 mm
8 mm
5.05
2.46
7002
15 mm
32 mm
9 mm
5.8
3.15
7003
17 mm
35 mm
10 mm
7.15
3.85
7004
20 mm
42mm
12mm
9.7
5.6
7005
25 mm
47mm
12mm
10.7
6.85
7006
30 mm
55mm
13mm
13.9
9.45
7007
35 mm
62mm
14mm
17.5
12.6
7008
40 mm
68mm
15mm
18.8
14.6
7009
45 mm
75mm
16mm
22.3
17.7
7571
50 mm
80mm
16mm
23.7
20.1
7011
55 mm
90mm
18mm
31
26.3
7012
60 mm
95mm
18mm
32
28.1
7013
65 mm
100mm
18mm
33.5
31.5
7014
70 mm
110mm
20mm
42.5
39.5
7015
75 mm
115mm
20mm
43.5
41.5
7016
80 mm
125mm
22mm
53.5
50.5
7017
85 mm
130mm
22mm
54.5
53.5
7018
90 mm
140mm
24mm
65
63.5
7019
95 mm
145mm
24mm
67
67
7571
100 mm
150mm
24mm
68.5
70.5
7571
105 mm
160mm
26mm
80
81.5
7571
110 mm
170mm
28mm
92
93
7571
120 mm
180mm
28mm
93.5
98.5
7026
130 mm
200mm
33mm
117
125
7571
140 mm
210mm
33mm
120
133
7030
150 mm
225mm
35mm
137
154
7032
160 mm
240mm
38mm
155
176
7034
170 mm
260mm
42mm
186
214
7036
180 mm
280mm
46mm
219
266
7038
190 mm
290mm
46mm
224
280
7040
200 mm
310mm
51mm
252
325
How to Calculate Stiffness, Centering Force, Wear and Fatigue Failure of Spline Couplings
There are various types of spline couplings. These couplings have several important properties. These properties are: Stiffness, Involute splines, Misalignment, Wear and fatigue failure. To understand how these characteristics relate to spline couplings, read this article. It will give you the necessary knowledge to determine which type of coupling best suits your needs. Keeping in mind that spline couplings are usually spherical in shape, they are made of steel.
Involute splines
An effective side interference condition minimizes gear misalignment. When 2 splines are coupled with no spline misalignment, the maximum tensile root stress shifts to the left by 5 mm. A linear lead variation, which results from multiple connections along the length of the spline contact, increases the effective clearance or interference by a given percentage. This type of misalignment is undesirable for coupling high-speed equipment. Involute splines are often used in gearboxes. These splines transmit high torque, and are better able to distribute load among multiple teeth throughout the coupling circumference. The involute profile and lead errors are related to the spacing between spline teeth and keyways. For coupling applications, industry practices use splines with 25 to 50-percent of spline teeth engaged. This load distribution is more uniform than that of conventional single-key couplings. To determine the optimal tooth engagement for an involved spline coupling, Xiangzhen Xue and colleagues used a computer model to simulate the stress applied to the splines. The results from this study showed that a “permissible” Ruiz parameter should be used in coupling. By predicting the amount of wear and tear on a crowned spline, the researchers could accurately predict how much damage the components will sustain during the coupling process. There are several ways to determine the optimal pressure angle for an involute spline. Involute splines are commonly measured using a pressure angle of 30 degrees. Similar to gears, involute splines are typically tested through a measurement over pins. This involves inserting specific-sized wires between gear teeth and measuring the distance between them. This method can tell whether the gear has a proper tooth profile. The spline system shown in Figure 1 illustrates a vibration model. This simulation allows the user to understand how involute splines are used in coupling. The vibration model shows 4 concentrated mass blocks that represent the prime mover, the internal spline, and the load. It is important to note that the meshing deformation function represents the forces acting on these 3 components.
Stiffness of coupling
The calculation of stiffness of a spline coupling involves the measurement of its tooth engagement. In the following, we analyze the stiffness of a spline coupling with various types of teeth using 2 different methods. Direct inversion and blockwise inversion both reduce CPU time for stiffness calculation. However, they require evaluation submatrices. Here, we discuss the differences between these 2 methods. The analytical model for spline couplings is derived in the second section. In the third section, the calculation process is explained in detail. We then validate this model against the FE method. Finally, we discuss the influence of stiffness nonlinearity on the rotor dynamics. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method. We present a simple yet effective method for estimating the lateral stiffness of spline couplings. The numerical calculation of the spline coupling is based on the semi-analytical spline load distribution model. This method involves refined contact grids and updating the compliance matrix at each iteration. Hence, it consumes significant computational time. Further, it is difficult to apply this method to the dynamic analysis of a rotor. This method has its own limitations and should be used only when the spline coupling is fully investigated. The meshing force is the force generated by a misaligned spline coupling. It is related to the spline thickness and the transmitting torque of the rotor. The meshing force is also related to the dynamic vibration displacement. The result obtained from the meshing force analysis is given in Figures 7, 8, and 9. The analysis presented in this paper aims to investigate the stiffness of spline couplings with a misaligned spline. Although the results of previous studies were accurate, some issues remained. For example, the misalignment of the spline may cause contact damages. The aim of this article is to investigate the problems associated with misaligned spline couplings and propose an analytical approach for estimating the contact pressure in a spline connection. We also compare our results to those obtained by pure numerical approaches.
Misalignment
To determine the centering force, the effective pressure angle must be known. Using the effective pressure angle, the centering force is calculated based on the maximum axial and radial loads and updated Dudley misalignment factors. The centering force is the maximum axial force that can be transmitted by friction. Several published misalignment factors are also included in the calculation. A new method is presented in this paper that considers the cam effect in the normal force. In this new method, the stiffness along the spline joint can be integrated to obtain a global stiffness that is applicable to torsional vibration analysis. The stiffness of bearings can also be calculated at given levels of misalignment, allowing for accurate estimation of bearing dimensions. It is advisable to check the stiffness of bearings at all times to ensure that they are properly sized and aligned. A misalignment in a spline coupling can result in wear or even failure. This is caused by an incorrectly aligned pitch profile. This problem is often overlooked, as the teeth are in contact throughout the involute profile. This causes the load to not be evenly distributed along the contact line. Consequently, it is important to consider the effect of misalignment on the contact force on the teeth of the spline coupling. The centre of the male spline in Figure 2 is superposed on the female spline. The alignment meshing distances are also identical. Hence, the meshing force curves will change according to the dynamic vibration displacement. It is necessary to know the parameters of a spline coupling before implementing it. In this paper, the model for misalignment is presented for spline couplings and the related parameters. Using a self-made spline coupling test rig, the effects of misalignment on a spline coupling are studied. In contrast to the typical spline coupling, misalignment in a spline coupling causes fretting wear at a specific position on the tooth surface. This is a leading cause of failure in these types of couplings.
Wear and fatigue failure
The failure of a spline coupling due to wear and fatigue is determined by the first occurrence of tooth wear and shaft misalignment. Standard design methods do not account for wear damage and assess the fatigue life with big approximations. Experimental investigations have been conducted to assess wear and fatigue damage in spline couplings. The tests were conducted on a dedicated test rig and special device connected to a standard fatigue machine. The working parameters such as torque, misalignment angle, and axial distance have been varied in order to measure fatigue damage. Over dimensioning has also been assessed. During fatigue and wear, mechanical sliding takes place between the external and internal splines and results in catastrophic failure. The lack of literature on the wear and fatigue of spline couplings in aero-engines may be due to the lack of data on the coupling’s application. Wear and fatigue failure in splines depends on a number of factors, including the material pair, geometry, and lubrication conditions. The analysis of spline couplings shows that over-dimensioning is common and leads to different damages in the system. Some of the major damages are wear, fretting, corrosion, and teeth fatigue. Noise problems have also been observed in industrial settings. However, it is difficult to evaluate the contact behavior of spline couplings, and numerical simulations are often hampered by the use of specific codes and the boundary element method. The failure of a spline gear coupling was caused by fatigue, and the fracture initiated at the bottom corner radius of the keyway. The keyway and splines had been overloaded beyond their yield strength, and significant yielding was observed in the spline gear teeth. A fracture ring of non-standard alloy steel exhibited a sharp corner radius, which was a significant stress raiser. Several components were studied to determine their life span. These components include the spline shaft, the sealing bolt, and the graphite ring. Each of these components has its own set of design parameters. However, there are similarities in the distributions of these components. Wear and fatigue failure of spline couplings can be attributed to a combination of the 3 factors. A failure mode is often defined as a non-linear distribution of stresses and strains.
Fak China Distributor High Precision Excavator Bearing 184ba-2251 T2ED0 Angular Contact Ball Bearing/CNC Machine Tool Spindle Bearing/Cylindrical Roller Bearing
Product Description
The self-aligning roller bearing has a double row of rollers, and the outer ring has a common spherical raceway, and the inner ring has 2 raceways and is inclined to an Angle relative to the bearing axis.This ingenious structure enables it to have automatic self-aligning performance, so it is not susceptible to the influence of the Angle between the shaft and the bearing box seat on the error or shaft bending. It is suitable for the occasion of Angle error caused by the installation error or shaft deflection.In addition to the radial load, the bearing can also bear the axial load of bidirectional action.
Product name
Self-Aligning Roller Bearing
Material
Chrome Steel GCr15
Bearing Package
allet,wooden case,commercial packaging or as customers’ requirement.
Service
OEM service provided
Delivery time
3-10 days depends on quantity needed
Features and Benefits: (1)It can compensate the coaxiality error and realize automatic alignment. (2) It can bear radial load and axial load, and has good impact resistance. (3) Long service life. (4) Good anti vibration performance. (5) The double row self-aligning roller bearing with tightening sleeve can be installed at any position of the optical shaft without machining the locating shoulder Applications: Crusher Vibrating screen Reduction gear Axles Rolling mill Printing machinery Woodworking machinery Paper manufacturing machinery
Principal dimension
Basic load ratings
Speed ratings
mm
mm
Designation
rpm
d
D
B
rmin
dyc
stc
Grease
Oil
Cr
Cor
200
310
82
2.1
770
1560
23040CAK
1200
1600
200
310
82
2.1
770
1560
23040CA 23040CA/W33
1200
1600
190
290
75
2.1
700
1450
23038CAK 23038CAKF3/W33
1300
1700
190
290
75
2.1
700
1450
23038CAF3
1300
1700
190
290
75
2.1
700
1450
23038CA 23038CA/W33
1300
1700
190
290
75
2.1
700
1450
23038C
1300
1700
180
280
74
2.1
630
1280
23036CAF3
1400
1800
180
280
74
2.1
630
1280
23036CA 23036CA/W33
1400
1800
170
260
67
2.1
555
1090
23034CAF3 23034CAK
1600
2000
170
260
67
2.1
555
1090
23034CA 23034CA/W33
1600
2000
170
260
67
2.1
555
1090
23034C 23034CK
1600
2000
160
240
60
2.1
445
875
23032CAF3
1700
2200
160
240
60
2.1
445
875
23032CA 23032CA/W33
1700
2200
160
240
60
2.1
445
875
23032C 23032CK
1700
2200
150
225
56
2.1
400
795
23030CAF3
1700
2200
150
225
56
2.1
400
795
23030CA 23030CA/W33
1700
2200
150
225
56
2.1
400
795
23030C 23030CK
1700
2200
140
210
53
2
363
706
23571CAK 23571CAKF3
1800
2400
140
210
53
2
363
706
23571CAF3
1800
2400
140
210
53
2
363
706
23571CA 23571CA/W33
1800
2400
130
200
52
2
340
350
23026CAKF3 23026CAKF3/W33
1900
2600
130
200
52
2
340
350
23026CAK
1900
2600
130
200
52
2
340
350
23026CAF3 23026CAF3/W33
1900
2600
130
200
52
2
340
350
23026CA 23026CA/W33
1900
2600
120
180
46
2
263
495
23571CK
2000
2800
120
180
46
2
263
495
23571CAK
2000
2800
120
180
46
2
263
495
23571CA 23571CA/W33
2000
2800
120
180
46
2
263
495
23571C 23571CC
2000
2800
110
170
45
2
253
460
23571CAF3 23571CAF3/W33
2200
3000
110
170
45
2
253
460
23571CA 23571CA/W33
2200
3000
100
150
37
1.5
23571CA
2000
2800
200
420
138
5
1740
2860
22340CAK 22340CAK/W33
850
1100
200
420
138
5
1740
2860
22340CA 22340CAF3
850
1100
190
400
132
5
1640
2630
22338CAF3
850
1100
190
400
132
5
1640
2630
22338CA 22338CA/W33
850
1100
190
400
132
5
1640
2630
22338C
850
1100
180
380
126
4
1470
2400
22336CAF3/W33 22336CAK
900
1200
180
380
126
4
1470
2400
22336CA 22336CA/W33
900
1200
170
360
120
4
1320
2120
22334CA 22334CA/W33
950
1300
170
360
120
4
1320
2120
22334C/YA7
950
1300
160
340
114
4
1270
2050
22332CAKF3/W33
950
1300
160
340
114
4
1270
2050
22332CAF3 22332CAF3/W33
950
1300
160
340
114
4
1270
2050
22332CA 22332CAK
950
1300
160
340
114
4
1270
2050
22332C
950
1300
150
320
108
4
1120
1810
22330CAK 22330CAKF3
1000
1400
150
320
108
4
1120
1810
22330CA 22330CA/W33
1000
1400
140
300
102
4
1210
1950
22328CAK 22328CAK/W33
1100
1500
140
300
102
4
1210
1950
22328CAF3 22328CAQ1/HA
1100
1500
140
300
102
4
1210
1950
22328CA 22328CA/W33
1100
1500
140
300
102
3.7
1210
1950
22328C
1100
1500
130
280
93
4
965
1500
22326CAQ1/HA
1300
1700
130
280
93
4
840
1300
22326CAK 22326CAK/W33
1300
1700
130
280
93
4
840
1300
22326CAF3 22326CAF3/W33
1300
1700
130
280
93
4
840
1300
22326CA 22326CA/W33
1300
1700
120
260
86
3
720
1100
22324CAKF3 22324CAKF3/W33
1400
1800
120
260
86
3
720
1100
22324CAF3 22324CAK
1400
1800
120
260
86
3
720
1100
22324CA 22324CA/W33
1400
1800
120
260
86
3
780
1160
22324C 22324CK
1400
1800
110
240
80
3
630
955
22322CAK 22322CAK/W33
1600
2000
110
240
80
3
630
955
22322CAF3 22322CAKF3
1600
2000
110
240
80
3
630
955
22322CA 22322CA/W33
1600
2000
110
240
80
3
630
955
22322C 22322CK
1600
2000
100
215
73
3
540
815
22320CAK 22320CAK/W33
1700
2200
100
215
73
3
540
815
22320CAF3 22320CAKF3
1700
2200
100
215
73
3
540
815
22320CA 22320CA/W33
1700
2200
100
215
73
3
540
815
22320C 22320CK
1700
2200
95
200
67
3
465
685
22319CK
1800
2400
95
200
67
3
465
685
22319CAKF3 22319CAKF3/W33
1800
2400
95
200
67
3
465
685
22319CAF3 22319CAK
1800
2400
95
200
67
3
465
685
22319CA 22319CA/W33
1800
2400
95
200
67
3
465
685
22319C 22319C/W33
1800
2400
90
190
64
3
420
625
22318CAK 22318CAK/W33
1800
2400
90
190
64
3
420
625
22318CAF3 22318CAKF3
1800
2400
90
190
64
3
420
625
22318CA 22318CA/W33
1800
2400
90
190
64
3
420
625
22318C 22318CK
1800
2400
85
180
60
3
355
505
22317CAKF3 22317CAKF3/W33
1900
2600
85
180
60
3
355
505
22317CAK 22317CAK/W33
1900
2600
85
180
60
3
355
505
22317CAF3
1900
2600
85
180
60
3
355
505
22317CA 22317CA/W33
1900
2600
Company Profile
Founded in 2006, ZheJiang XUANYE Precision Machinery Co., Ltd. covers an area of 88,850 square meters. Now the company has fixed assets over several hundred millions and in-service employees 500. As a late-model that incorporates research and development, manufacture as well as sales, the annual output of the company reaches to 3 million sets of bearings and its annual output value is more than 28 million yuan. The company has strong technical force, excellent equipment and complete testing instruments. At present, the company has more than 400 sets of professional production equipment, 9 production lines of numerical control turning, 5 production lines of atmosphere-protecting automatic heat treating and 12 production lines of precision grinding. In addition, it has a professional calibrating and measuring center and more than 300 sets of detecting instruments. All of its products are under the inspection of National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for Bearing. The company has a state-level enterprise technology center and a number of provincial high-tech enterprises with strong technical strength. The company’s own brand “FAK” was honored as the most competitive brand in the market. “Customers first and reputation first” are the permanent vision of XUANYE. We would like to serve the customers around the world with our trustworthy products, reasonable price and attentive service. The leading products of the company cover 3 main categories which include more than 8,000 types of bearing products.
Our Advantages
1. World-Class Bearing: We provide our customers with all types of indigenous bearing with world-class quality.
2. OEM or Non-Stand Bearings: Any requirement for Nonstandard bearings is Easily Fulfilled by us due to its vast knowledge and links in the industry. 3. Genuine products With Excellent Quality: The company has always proved the 100% quality products it provides with genuine intent. 4. After Sales Service and Technical Assistance: The company provides after-sales service and technical assistance as per the customer’s requirements and needs. 5. Quick Delivery: The company provides just-in-time delivery with its streamlined supply chain.
SAMPLES 1. Samples quantity: 1-10 PCS are available. 2. Free samples:It depends on the Model No., material and quantity. Some of the bearings samples need client to pay samples charge and shipping cost. 3. It’s better to start your order with Trade Assurance to get full protection for your samples order.
CUSTOMIZED The customized LOGO or drawing is acceptable for us.
MOQ 1. MOQ:10 PCS standard bearings. 2. MOQ: 1000 PCS customized your brand bearings.
OEM POLICY 1. We can printing your brand (logo, artwork)on the shield or laser engraving your brand on the shield. 2. We can custom your packaging according to your design 3. All copyright own by clients and we promised don’t disclose any info.
FAQ
1.What is the minimum order quantity for this product? Can be negotiated, we will try our best to meet customer needs.Our company is mainly based on wholesale sales, most customers’orders are more than 1 ton.
2.What is your latest delivery time? Most orders will be shipped within 3-10 days of payment being received.
3.Does your company have quality assurance? Yes, for 2 years.
4.What is the competitiveness of your company’s products compared to other companies? High precision, high speed, low noise.
5.What are the advantages of your company’s services compared to other companies? Answer questions online 24 hours a day, reply in a timely manner, and provide various documents required by customers for customs clearance or sales. 100% after-sales service.
6.Which payment method does your company support? Do our best to meet customer needs, negotiable.
7.How to contact us quickly? Please send us an inquiry or message and leave your other contact information, such as phone number, account or account, we will contact you as soon as possible and provide the detailed information you need.
Please feel free to contact us, if you have any other question
Analytical Approaches to Estimating Contact Pressures in Spline Couplings
A spline coupling is a type of mechanical connection between 2 rotating shafts. It consists of 2 parts – a coupler and a coupling. Both parts have teeth which engage and transfer loads. However, spline couplings are typically over-dimensioned, which makes them susceptible to fatigue and static behavior. Wear phenomena can also cause the coupling to fail. For this reason, proper spline coupling design is essential for achieving optimum performance.
Modeling a spline coupling
Spline couplings are becoming increasingly popular in the aerospace industry, but they operate in a slightly misaligned state, causing both vibrations and damage to the contact surfaces. To solve this problem, this article offers analytical approaches for estimating the contact pressures in a spline coupling. Specifically, this article compares analytical approaches with pure numerical approaches to demonstrate the benefits of an analytical approach. To model a spline coupling, first you create the knowledge base for the spline coupling. The knowledge base includes a large number of possible specification values, which are related to each other. If you modify 1 specification, it may lead to a warning for violating another. To make the design valid, you must create a spline coupling model that meets the specified specification values. After you have modeled the geometry, you must enter the contact pressures of the 2 spline couplings. Then, you need to determine the position of the pitch circle of the spline. In Figure 2, the centre of the male coupling is superposed to that of the female spline. Then, you need to make sure that the alignment meshing distance of the 2 splines is the same. Once you have the data you need to create a spline coupling model, you can begin by entering the specifications for the interface design. Once you have this data, you need to choose whether to optimize the internal spline or the external spline. You’ll also need to specify the tooth friction coefficient, which is used to determine the stresses in the spline coupling model 20. You should also enter the pilot clearance, which is the clearance between the tip 186 of a tooth 32 on 1 spline and the feature on the mating spline. After you have entered the desired specifications for the external spline, you can enter the parameters for the internal spline. For example, you can enter the outer diameter limit 154 of the major snap 54 and the minor snap 56 of the internal spline. The values of these parameters are displayed in color-coded boxes on the Spline Inputs and Configuration GUI screen 80. Once the parameters are entered, you’ll be presented with a geometric representation of the spline coupling model 20.
Creating a spline coupling model 20
The spline coupling model 20 is created by a product model software program 10. The software validates the spline coupling model against a knowledge base of configuration-dependent specification constraints and relationships. This report is then input to the ANSYS stress analyzer program. It lists the spline coupling model 20’s geometric configurations and specification values for each feature. The spline coupling model 20 is automatically recreated every time the configuration or performance specifications of the spline coupling model 20 are modified. The spline coupling model 20 can be configured using the product model software program 10. A user specifies the axial length of the spline stack, which may be zero, or a fixed length. The user also enters a radial mating face 148, if any, and selects a pilot clearance specification value of 14.5 degrees or 30 degrees. A user can then use the mouse 110 to modify the spline coupling model 20. The spline coupling knowledge base contains a large number of possible specification values and the spline coupling design rule. If the user tries to change a spline coupling model, the model will show a warning about a violation of another specification. In some cases, the modification may invalidate the design. In the spline coupling model 20, the user enters additional performance requirement specifications. The user chooses the locations where maximum torque is transferred for the internal and external splines 38 and 40. The maximum torque transfer location is determined by the attachment configuration of the hardware to the shafts. Once this is selected, the user can click “Next” to save the model. A preview of the spline coupling model 20 is displayed. The model 20 is a representation of a spline coupling. The spline specifications are entered in the order and arrangement as specified on the spline coupling model 20 GUI screen. Once the spline coupling specifications are entered, the product model software program 10 will incorporate them into the spline coupling model 20. This is the last step in spline coupling model creation.
Analysing a spline coupling model 20
An analysis of a spline coupling model consists of inputting its configuration and performance specifications. These specifications may be generated from another computer program. The product model software program 10 then uses its internal knowledge base of configuration dependent specification relationships and constraints to create a valid three-dimensional parametric model 20. This model contains information describing the number and types of spline teeth 32, snaps 34, and shoulder 36. When you are analysing a spline coupling, the software program 10 will include default values for various specifications. The spline coupling model 20 comprises an internal spline 38 and an external spline 40. Each of the splines includes its own set of parameters, such as its depth, width, length, and radii. The external spline 40 will also contain its own set of parameters, such as its orientation. Upon selecting these parameters, the software program will perform various analyses on the spline coupling model 20. The software program 10 calculates the nominal and maximal tooth bearing stresses and fatigue life of a spline coupling. It will also determine the difference in torsional windup between an internal and an external spline. The output file from the analysis will be a report file containing model configuration and specification data. The output file may also be used by other computer programs for further analysis. Once these parameters are set, the user enters the design criteria for the spline coupling model 20. In this step, the user specifies the locations of maximum torque transfer for both the external and internal spline 38. The maximum torque transfer location depends on the configuration of the hardware attached to the shafts. The user may enter up to 4 different performance requirement specifications for each spline. The results of the analysis show that there are 2 phases of spline coupling. The first phase shows a large increase in stress and vibration. The second phase shows a decline in both stress and vibration levels. The third stage shows a constant meshing force between 300N and 320N. This behavior continues for a longer period of time, until the final stage engages with the surface.
Misalignment of a spline coupling
A study aimed to investigate the position of the resultant contact force in a spline coupling engaging teeth under a steady torque and rotating misalignment. The study used numerical methods based on Finite Element Method (FEM) models. It produced numerical results for nominal conditions and parallel offset misalignment. The study considered 2 levels of misalignment – 0.02 mm and 0.08 mm – with different loading levels. The results showed that the misalignment between the splines and rotors causes a change in the meshing force of the spline-rotor coupling system. Its dynamics is governed by the meshing force of splines. The meshing force of a misaligned spline coupling is related to the rotor-spline coupling system parameters, the transmitting torque, and the dynamic vibration displacement. Despite the lack of precise measurements, the misalignment of splines is a common problem. This problem is compounded by the fact that splines usually feature backlash. This backlash is the result of the misaligned spline. The authors analyzed several splines, varying pitch diameters, and length/diameter ratios. A spline coupling is a two-dimensional mechanical system, which has positive backlash. The spline coupling is comprised of a hub and shaft, and has tip-to-root clearances that are larger than the backlash. A form-clearance is sufficient to prevent tip-to-root fillet contact. The torque on the splines is transmitted via friction. When a spline coupling is misaligned, a torque-biased thrust force is generated. In such a situation, the force can exceed the torque, causing the component to lose its alignment. The two-way transmission of torque and thrust is modeled analytically in the present study. The analytical approach provides solutions that can be integrated into the design process. So, the next time you are faced with a misaligned spline coupling problem, make sure to use an analytical approach! In this study, the spline coupling is analyzed under nominal conditions without a parallel offset misalignment. The stiffness values obtained are the percentage difference between the nominal pitch diameter and load application diameter. Moreover, the maximum percentage difference in the measured pitch diameter is 1.60% under a torque of 5000 N*m. The other parameter, the pitch angle, is taken into consideration in the calculation.
