Tag Archives: mower tractor

China Good quality Skid Steer Boom Arm Mower with Tractor with Free Design Custom

Product Description

Product description
By highspeed rotation of spindle, it is used for mowing in the field, and weeds no more than half a meter. It can turn over its body, for weeds on a slope and side 
trimming on the trees.

Specification: 
1.3 point U-shape linkage
2.Graphite casting iron gearbox 
3.Tractor power required: 25-55hp 
4.With CE certificate

Details

      Performance and Advantage

  1. Transmission: By sturdy toothed belts.
  2. It has hydraulic cylinders to adjust the right and left movement and turn over the body.
  3. Gearbox is made of graphite casting iron. Material performance is better. Not easy broken. 
  4. After dynamic balance test, the blade axle can run stably at high speed, with lower noise. 
  5. The blades have more quantity, bigger density and higher mowing efficiency.
  6. The roller is equipped with bearing on both ends, so it can run more flexibly, without stronger wearing.
  7. Y shape blades and hammers are optional, to meet the needs of different customer. 
  8. The body can be turned over, so it has a wider range of application.

Technology

Model SFR4200
Side reach from centerline(Max) 165″(4200mm)
Head rotation 210 degrees
Cut height from ground(Max) 189″(4800mm)
Cut depth @ 60 degree slope(Max) 57″(1450mm)
Arm weight 1220lbs(550kg)
Controls Remote
Max flow rate(Min) 16GPM(60L)
Max pressure 3500PSI(24Mpa)

About us

RIMA is established in 2009,located in Xibeiyu Industry Zone,HangZhou,ZheJiang ,China. 

With its strong technique power,complete set of manufacture equipments and experimental devices,advanced CAD R&D means, the company has complete production capaicty from cutting,profiling,welding,maching,paiting to packing.

RIMA  has aleady manufactured a full range of high quality implements for the small to medium-sized tractor owners across the world,Such as Front End loader, Backhoe, Mower, rotary tiller, Wood Chipper, Log Splitter, Post Hole Diggers. more than 50 serials and more than 150 models of various implements.
 

Our sevice

1. OEM Manufacturing welcome: Product, Package… 
2. Sample order 
3. We will reply you for your inquiry in 24 hours.
4. after sending, we will track the products for you once every 2 days, until you get the products.

When you got the goods, test them, and give me a feedback.If you have any questions about the problem, contact with us, we will offer the solve way for you.

Certification

Contact  us

 

What Are the Advantages of a Splined Shaft?

If you are looking for the right splined shaft for your machine, you should know a few important things. First, what type of material should be used? Stainless steel is usually the most appropriate choice, because of its ability to offer low noise and fatigue failure. Secondly, it can be machined using a slotting or shaping machine. Lastly, it will ensure smooth motion. So, what are the advantages of a splined shaft?
Stainless steel is the best material for splined shafts

When choosing a splined shaft, you should consider its hardness, quality, and finish. Stainless steel has superior corrosion and wear resistance. Carbon steel is another good material for splined shafts. Carbon steel has a shallow carbon content (about 1.7%), which makes it more malleable and helps ensure smooth motion. But if you’re not willing to spend the money on stainless steel, consider other options.
There are 2 main types of splines: parallel splines and crowned splines. Involute splines have parallel grooves and allow linear and rotary motion. Helical splines have involute teeth and are oriented at an angle. This type allows for many teeth on the shaft and minimizes the stress concentration in the stationary joint.
Large evenly spaced splines are widely used in hydraulic systems, drivetrains, and machine tools. They are typically made from carbon steel (CR10) and stainless steel (AISI 304). This material is durable and meets the requirements of ISO 14-B, formerly DIN 5463-B. Splined shafts are typically made of stainless steel or C45 steel, though there are many other materials available.
Stainless steel is the best material for a splined shaft. This metal is also incredibly affordable. In most cases, stainless steel is the best choice for these shafts because it offers the best corrosion resistance. There are many different types of splined shafts, and each 1 is suited for a particular application. There are also many different types of stainless steel, so choose stainless steel if you want the best quality.
For those looking for high-quality splined shafts, CZPT Spline Shafts offer many benefits. They can reduce costs, improve positional accuracy, and reduce friction. With the CZPT TFE coating, splined shafts can reduce energy and heat buildup, and extend the life of your products. And, they’re easy to install – all you need to do is install them.
splineshaft

They provide low noise, low wear and fatigue failure

The splines in a splined shaft are composed of 2 main parts: the spline root fillet and the spline relief. The spline root fillet is the most critical part, because fatigue failure starts there and propagates to the relief. The spline relief is more susceptible to fatigue failure because of its involute tooth shape, which offers a lower stress to the shaft and has a smaller area of contact.
The fatigue life of splined shafts is determined by measuring the S-N curve. This is also known as the Wohler curve, and it is the relationship between stress amplitude and number of cycles. It depends on the material, geometry and way of loading. It can be obtained from a physical test on a uniform material specimen under a constant amplitude load. Approximations for low-alloy steel parts can be made using a lower-alloy steel material.
Splined shafts provide low noise, minimal wear and fatigue failure. However, some mechanical transmission elements need to be removed from the shaft during assembly and manufacturing processes. The shafts must still be capable of relative axial movement for functional purposes. As such, good spline joints are essential to high-quality torque transmission, minimal backlash, and low noise. The major failure modes of spline shafts include fretting corrosion, tooth breakage, and fatigue failure.
The outer disc carrier spline is susceptible to tensile stress and fatigue failure. High customer demands for low noise and low wear and fatigue failure makes splined shafts an excellent choice. A fractured spline gear coupling was received for analysis. It was installed near the top of a filter shaft and inserted into the gearbox motor. The service history was unknown. The fractured spline gear coupling had longitudinally cracked and arrested at the termination of the spline gear teeth. The spline gear teeth also exhibited wear and deformation.
A new spline coupling method detects fault propagation in hollow cylindrical splined shafts. A spline coupling is fabricated using an AE method with the spline section unrolled into a metal plate of the same thickness as the cylinder wall. In addition, the spline coupling is misaligned, which puts significant concentration on the spline teeth. This further accelerates the rate of fretting fatigue and wear.
A spline joint should be lubricated after 25 hours of operation. Frequent lubrication can increase maintenance costs and cause downtime. Moreover, the lubricant may retain abrasive particles at the interfaces. In some cases, lubricants can even cause misalignment, leading to premature failure. So, the lubrication of a spline coupling is vital in ensuring proper functioning of the shaft.
The design of a spline coupling can be optimized to enhance its wear resistance and reliability. Surface treatments, loads, and rotation affect the friction properties of a spline coupling. In addition, a finite element method was developed to predict wear of a floating spline coupling. This method is feasible and provides a reliable basis for predicting the wear and fatigue life of a spline coupling.
splineshaft

They can be machined using a slotting or shaping machine

Machines can be used to shape splined shafts in a variety of industries. They are useful in many applications, including gearboxes, braking systems, and axles. A slotted shaft can be manipulated in several ways, including hobbling, broaching, and slotting. In addition to shaping, splines are also useful in reducing bar diameter.
When using a slotting or shaping machine, the workpiece is held against a pedestal that has a uniform thickness. The machine is equipped with a stand column and limiting column (Figure 1), each positioned perpendicular to the upper surface of the pedestal. The limiting column axis is located on the same line as the stand column. During the slotting or shaping process, the tool is fed in and out until the desired space is achieved.
One process involves cutting splines into a shaft. Straddle milling, spline shaping, and spline cutting are 2 common processes used to create splined shafts. Straddle milling involves a fixed indexing fixture that holds the shaft steady, while rotating milling cutters cut the groove in the length of the shaft. Several passes are required to ensure uniformity throughout the spline.
Splines are a type of gear. The ridges or teeth on the drive shaft mesh with grooves in the mating piece. A splined shaft allows the transmission of torque to a mate piece while maximizing the power transfer. Splines are used in heavy vehicles, construction, agriculture, and massive earthmoving machinery. Splines are used in virtually every type of rotary motion, from axles to transmission systems. They also offer better fatigue life and reliability.
Slotting or shaping machines can also be used to shape splined shafts. Slotting machines are often used to machine splined shafts, because it is easier to make them with these machines. Using a slotting or shaping machine can result in splined shafts of different sizes. It is important to follow a set of spline standards to ensure your parts are manufactured to the highest standards.
A milling machine is another option for producing splined shafts. A spline shaft can be set up between 2 centers in an indexing fixture. Two side milling cutters are mounted on an arbor and a spacer and shims are inserted between them. The arbor and cutters are then mounted to a milling machine spindle. To make sure the cutters center themselves over the splined shaft, an adjustment must be made to the spindle of the machine.
The machining process is very different for internal and external splines. External splines can be broached, shaped, milled, or hobbed, while internal splines cannot. These machines use hard alloy, but they are not as good for internal splines. A machine with a slotting mechanism is necessary for these operations.

China Good quality Skid Steer Boom Arm Mower with Tractor with Free Design CustomChina Good quality Skid Steer Boom Arm Mower with Tractor with Free Design Custom

China high quality Tractor 25-55HP Power Heavy Verge Flail Mower (EFGL135) near me supplier

Product Description

Product description:;

One.; Function:;
By high-speed rotation of spindle,; it is used for mowing in the field,; and weeds no more than half a meter.; It can turn over its body,; for weeds on a slope and side trimming on the trees.;

Two.; Performance and advantage
1.; Transmission:; By sturdy toothed belts.;
2.; It has hydraulic cylinders to adjust the right and left movement and turn over the body.;
3.; Gearbox is made of graphite casting iron.; Material performance is better.; Not easy broken.;
4.; After dynamic balance test,; the blade axle can run stably at high speed,; with lower noise.;
5.; The blades have more quantity,; bigger density and higher mowing efficiency.;
6.; The roller is equipped with bearing on both ends,; so it can run more flexibly,; without stronger wearing.;
7.; Y shape blades and hammers are optional,; to meet the needs of different customer.;
8.; The body can be turned over,; so it has a wider range of application.;

Company introduction
HangZhou CZPT industry & trade Co.;,; Ltd.;,; is a professional manufacturer and exporter of whole set of farm machines and garden tools for 11 years,; mainly including mowers,; tillers,; plows and Japanese tractor parts,; etc.;

We sincerely welcome customers abroad to visit us to discuss cooperation and seek common development.; We believe our company is your most reliable partner and friend!

Trade terms
1.; Trade terms:; FOB,; CIF,; EXW
2.; Sample policy:; You can test the quality of our sample firstly before you purchase them in mass quantity.;
3.; MOQ:; 1 set
4.; Payment way:; T/T,; L/C,; western union,; d/p.;
5.; Delivery date:; 10-30 days after deposit paid.; It depends on your order quantity.;
6.; Shipping way:; By sea or by air.;
7.; After service:; 12 months guarantee of the main parts,; we will send the guarantee parts together with the machine in your next order or we can send them by air express if you need them urgently.;

Best after-sale service
We have France branch.; CZPT Europe can give Europe customer best service.;
1.; CZPT Europe can drive the car to repair the machine once you give the calling.;
2.; CZPT Europe can send the spare parts to the customers in time.;
3.; Our machine warranty time:; 1 year.; We provide free spare parts.;
4.; We provide lifetime repair service and spare parts.; You just tell us what you want.; We will give you the solution in time.;
5.; If the CZPT Europe cannot give you the satisfaction.; The head office engineer is willing to wear the CZPT blue uniform clothes to your site for repair.;

Model EFGL-125 EFGL-135 EFGL-150
Dimension(mm); 1400×1545×840 1500×1545×840 1650×1545×840
Weight(Kg); 300 KG 320Kg 350KG
Cutting Width 1250mm 1350mm 1500mm
PTO Input Speed 540r/min 540r/min 540r/min
Hammer blades(normal); 24 28 28
Y shape blades(option);      48 56 56
Power Required 25-45HP 30-50HP 35-55HP
Angle -60°~+90° -60°~+90° -60°~+90°
Packing size(mm); 1450*880*700 1550*880*700 1700*880*700

How to Calculate Stiffness, Centering Force, Wear and Fatigue Failure of Spline Couplings

There are various types of spline couplings. These couplings have several important properties. These properties are: Stiffness, Involute splines, Misalignment, Wear and fatigue failure. To understand how these characteristics relate to spline couplings, read this article. It will give you the necessary knowledge to determine which type of coupling best suits your needs. Keeping in mind that spline couplings are usually spherical in shape, they are made of steel.
splineshaft

Involute splines

An effective side interference condition minimizes gear misalignment. When 2 splines are coupled with no spline misalignment, the maximum tensile root stress shifts to the left by 5 mm. A linear lead variation, which results from multiple connections along the length of the spline contact, increases the effective clearance or interference by a given percentage. This type of misalignment is undesirable for coupling high-speed equipment.
Involute splines are often used in gearboxes. These splines transmit high torque, and are better able to distribute load among multiple teeth throughout the coupling circumference. The involute profile and lead errors are related to the spacing between spline teeth and keyways. For coupling applications, industry practices use splines with 25 to 50-percent of spline teeth engaged. This load distribution is more uniform than that of conventional single-key couplings.
To determine the optimal tooth engagement for an involved spline coupling, Xiangzhen Xue and colleagues used a computer model to simulate the stress applied to the splines. The results from this study showed that a “permissible” Ruiz parameter should be used in coupling. By predicting the amount of wear and tear on a crowned spline, the researchers could accurately predict how much damage the components will sustain during the coupling process.
There are several ways to determine the optimal pressure angle for an involute spline. Involute splines are commonly measured using a pressure angle of 30 degrees. Similar to gears, involute splines are typically tested through a measurement over pins. This involves inserting specific-sized wires between gear teeth and measuring the distance between them. This method can tell whether the gear has a proper tooth profile.
The spline system shown in Figure 1 illustrates a vibration model. This simulation allows the user to understand how involute splines are used in coupling. The vibration model shows 4 concentrated mass blocks that represent the prime mover, the internal spline, and the load. It is important to note that the meshing deformation function represents the forces acting on these 3 components.
splineshaft

Stiffness of coupling

The calculation of stiffness of a spline coupling involves the measurement of its tooth engagement. In the following, we analyze the stiffness of a spline coupling with various types of teeth using 2 different methods. Direct inversion and blockwise inversion both reduce CPU time for stiffness calculation. However, they require evaluation submatrices. Here, we discuss the differences between these 2 methods.
The analytical model for spline couplings is derived in the second section. In the third section, the calculation process is explained in detail. We then validate this model against the FE method. Finally, we discuss the influence of stiffness nonlinearity on the rotor dynamics. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method. We present a simple yet effective method for estimating the lateral stiffness of spline couplings.
The numerical calculation of the spline coupling is based on the semi-analytical spline load distribution model. This method involves refined contact grids and updating the compliance matrix at each iteration. Hence, it consumes significant computational time. Further, it is difficult to apply this method to the dynamic analysis of a rotor. This method has its own limitations and should be used only when the spline coupling is fully investigated.
The meshing force is the force generated by a misaligned spline coupling. It is related to the spline thickness and the transmitting torque of the rotor. The meshing force is also related to the dynamic vibration displacement. The result obtained from the meshing force analysis is given in Figures 7, 8, and 9.
The analysis presented in this paper aims to investigate the stiffness of spline couplings with a misaligned spline. Although the results of previous studies were accurate, some issues remained. For example, the misalignment of the spline may cause contact damages. The aim of this article is to investigate the problems associated with misaligned spline couplings and propose an analytical approach for estimating the contact pressure in a spline connection. We also compare our results to those obtained by pure numerical approaches.

Misalignment

To determine the centering force, the effective pressure angle must be known. Using the effective pressure angle, the centering force is calculated based on the maximum axial and radial loads and updated Dudley misalignment factors. The centering force is the maximum axial force that can be transmitted by friction. Several published misalignment factors are also included in the calculation. A new method is presented in this paper that considers the cam effect in the normal force.
In this new method, the stiffness along the spline joint can be integrated to obtain a global stiffness that is applicable to torsional vibration analysis. The stiffness of bearings can also be calculated at given levels of misalignment, allowing for accurate estimation of bearing dimensions. It is advisable to check the stiffness of bearings at all times to ensure that they are properly sized and aligned.
A misalignment in a spline coupling can result in wear or even failure. This is caused by an incorrectly aligned pitch profile. This problem is often overlooked, as the teeth are in contact throughout the involute profile. This causes the load to not be evenly distributed along the contact line. Consequently, it is important to consider the effect of misalignment on the contact force on the teeth of the spline coupling.
The centre of the male spline in Figure 2 is superposed on the female spline. The alignment meshing distances are also identical. Hence, the meshing force curves will change according to the dynamic vibration displacement. It is necessary to know the parameters of a spline coupling before implementing it. In this paper, the model for misalignment is presented for spline couplings and the related parameters.
Using a self-made spline coupling test rig, the effects of misalignment on a spline coupling are studied. In contrast to the typical spline coupling, misalignment in a spline coupling causes fretting wear at a specific position on the tooth surface. This is a leading cause of failure in these types of couplings.
splineshaft

Wear and fatigue failure

The failure of a spline coupling due to wear and fatigue is determined by the first occurrence of tooth wear and shaft misalignment. Standard design methods do not account for wear damage and assess the fatigue life with big approximations. Experimental investigations have been conducted to assess wear and fatigue damage in spline couplings. The tests were conducted on a dedicated test rig and special device connected to a standard fatigue machine. The working parameters such as torque, misalignment angle, and axial distance have been varied in order to measure fatigue damage. Over dimensioning has also been assessed.
During fatigue and wear, mechanical sliding takes place between the external and internal splines and results in catastrophic failure. The lack of literature on the wear and fatigue of spline couplings in aero-engines may be due to the lack of data on the coupling’s application. Wear and fatigue failure in splines depends on a number of factors, including the material pair, geometry, and lubrication conditions.
The analysis of spline couplings shows that over-dimensioning is common and leads to different damages in the system. Some of the major damages are wear, fretting, corrosion, and teeth fatigue. Noise problems have also been observed in industrial settings. However, it is difficult to evaluate the contact behavior of spline couplings, and numerical simulations are often hampered by the use of specific codes and the boundary element method.
The failure of a spline gear coupling was caused by fatigue, and the fracture initiated at the bottom corner radius of the keyway. The keyway and splines had been overloaded beyond their yield strength, and significant yielding was observed in the spline gear teeth. A fracture ring of non-standard alloy steel exhibited a sharp corner radius, which was a significant stress raiser.
Several components were studied to determine their life span. These components include the spline shaft, the sealing bolt, and the graphite ring. Each of these components has its own set of design parameters. However, there are similarities in the distributions of these components. Wear and fatigue failure of spline couplings can be attributed to a combination of the 3 factors. A failure mode is often defined as a non-linear distribution of stresses and strains.

China high quality Tractor 25-55HP Power Heavy Verge Flail Mower (EFGL135) near me supplier China high quality Tractor 25-55HP Power Heavy Verge Flail Mower (EFGL135) near me supplier

China Good quality CE Approved Farm Tractor Lawn Mower Side Pto Verge Mower with Hammers near me supplier

Product Description

Specification:

  1. 3 point U-shape linkage
  2. Graphite casting iron gearbox
  3. Tractor power required: 25-55hp
  4. With CE certificate

Performance and Advantage

  1. Transmission: By sturdy toothed belts.
  2. It has hydraulic cylinders to adjust the right and left movement and turn over the body.
  3. Gearbox is made of graphite casting iron. Material performance is better. Not easy broken.
  4. After dynamic balance test, the blade axle can run stably at high speed, with lower noise.
  5. The blades have more quantity, bigger density and higher mowing efficiency.
  6. The roller is equipped with bearing on both ends, so it can run more flexibly, without stronger wearing.
  7. Y shape blades and hammers are optional, to meet the needs of different customer.
  8. The body can be turned over, so it has a wider range of application.

Specifications

Model EFGL-125 EFGL-135 EFGL-150
Dimension(mm) 1400×1545×840 1500×1545×840 1650×1545×840
Weight(Kg) 300 KG 320Kg 350KG
Cutting Width 1250mm 1350mm 1500mm
PTO Input Speed 540r/min 540r/min 540r/min
Hammer blades( normal) 24 28 28
Y shape blades(option) 48 56 56
Power Required 25-45HP 30-50HP 35-55HP
Angle -60°~ +90° -60°~ +90° -60°~ +90°
Packing size(mm) 1450*880*700 1550*880*700 1700*880*700

EFGL125-150:Packed in iron shelf.
Production time: 22 -30 working days.
Function:
By high-speed rotation of spindle, it is used for mowing in the field, and weeds no more than half a meter. It can turn over its body, for weeds on a slope and side trimming on the trees.

Product Detail

Company Profile

HangZhou CZPT Industry & Trade Co., Ltd., is a professional manufacturer and exporter of whole set of agriculture machines and garden tools. Our company was established since 2003 with Hanma Industry Company.

Our main products include rotovator, flail mower, finishing mower, CZPT mower, wood chipper, plow, cultivator, potato harvester/ planter and Japanese tractor parts, etc. Due to our super International quality standard and rapid & excellent after-sales service, CZPT machines are greatly popular in various markets around the world, and already reached to Europe, North America, South America, Australia, almost covers 80 countries in World.

LEFA always believe that we will take better farming life to you by top-quality laser cutting machine & CNC bending machine & professional paint-spraying & strong welding.

Packing & Shipping

Packaging Detail: Iron pallet or wooden cases
Delivery Detail: By sea or By air

1. Waterproof packing with the international export standard by 20ft, 40ftcontainer.
Wooden Case or Iron Pallet.
2. The whole set of machines size are large as normal, so we will use Waterproof materials to pack
all of them. The motor, gear box or other easily damaged parts, we will put them into box.

Machine videos in YOUTOBE

EFDL SIDE MOWERS

EFG FLAIL MOWERS

EFGL SIDE MOWERS

FM FINISHING MOWERS

TM CZPT MOWERS

RT ROTARY TILLERS

https://youtu.be/d3H1-yXUImc AP-90 POTATO HARVESTER

FAQ:
Q1. How to buy flail mowers?
Inquiry ———> Quotation ——–>Price reasonable ——->Check with specification —–>Proforma Invoice sent ————>Payment made ——-> Producing the items ——->Product shipment ———–> Customer confirm

Q2.How long is the delivery date for flail mowers?
A:In general, we can ship the goods within 30-45 days after receiving your payment. Of course, it also depends on your quantity.

Q3. How can I get to your factory to buy flail mowers?
A:We are located in HangZhou, only 1 hour’s distance to ZheJiang or HangZhou. You can fly to ZheJiang /HangZhou/HangZhou Airport , the transportation is very convenient

Q4.Do you have stock for flail mowers?
A:In general, we have some stock, while if you need a bulk order, we still need time to produce it. Of course, we will inform all details you before your payment.

Q5: What’s your main products?
A: Our products are covered almost all farm machines and Japanese tractors parts, we can meet your any demands.

Q6. What is your terms of payment?
A: T/T, L/C, Paypal, Western Union

 

Stiffness and Torsional Vibration of Spline-Couplings

In this paper, we describe some basic characteristics of spline-coupling and examine its torsional vibration behavior. We also explore the effect of spline misalignment on rotor-spline coupling. These results will assist in the design of improved spline-coupling systems for various applications. The results are presented in Table 1.
splineshaft

Stiffness of spline-coupling

The stiffness of a spline-coupling is a function of the meshing force between the splines in a rotor-spline coupling system and the static vibration displacement. The meshing force depends on the coupling parameters such as the transmitting torque and the spline thickness. It increases nonlinearly with the spline thickness.
A simplified spline-coupling model can be used to evaluate the load distribution of splines under vibration and transient loads. The axle spline sleeve is displaced a z-direction and a resistance moment T is applied to the outer face of the sleeve. This simple model can satisfy a wide range of engineering requirements but may suffer from complex loading conditions. Its asymmetric clearance may affect its engagement behavior and stress distribution patterns.
The results of the simulations show that the maximum vibration acceleration in both Figures 10 and 22 was 3.03 g/s. This results indicate that a misalignment in the circumferential direction increases the instantaneous impact. Asymmetry in the coupling geometry is also found in the meshing. The right-side spline’s teeth mesh tightly while those on the left side are misaligned.
Considering the spline-coupling geometry, a semi-analytical model is used to compute stiffness. This model is a simplified form of a classical spline-coupling model, with submatrices defining the shape and stiffness of the joint. As the design clearance is a known value, the stiffness of a spline-coupling system can be analyzed using the same formula.
The results of the simulations also show that the spline-coupling system can be modeled using MASTA, a high-level commercial CAE tool for transmission analysis. In this case, the spline segments were modeled as a series of spline segments with variable stiffness, which was calculated based on the initial gap between spline teeth. Then, the spline segments were modelled as a series of splines of increasing stiffness, accounting for different manufacturing variations. The resulting analysis of the spline-coupling geometry is compared to those of the finite-element approach.
Despite the high stiffness of a spline-coupling system, the contact status of the contact surfaces often changes. In addition, spline coupling affects the lateral vibration and deformation of the rotor. However, stiffness nonlinearity is not well studied in splined rotors because of the lack of a fully analytical model.
splineshaft

Characteristics of spline-coupling

The study of spline-coupling involves a number of design factors. These include weight, materials, and performance requirements. Weight is particularly important in the aeronautics field. Weight is often an issue for design engineers because materials have varying dimensional stability, weight, and durability. Additionally, space constraints and other configuration restrictions may require the use of spline-couplings in certain applications.
The main parameters to consider for any spline-coupling design are the maximum principal stress, the maldistribution factor, and the maximum tooth-bearing stress. The magnitude of each of these parameters must be smaller than or equal to the external spline diameter, in order to provide stability. The outer diameter of the spline must be at least 4 inches larger than the inner diameter of the spline.
Once the physical design is validated, the spline coupling knowledge base is created. This model is pre-programmed and stores the design parameter signals, including performance and manufacturing constraints. It then compares the parameter values to the design rule signals, and constructs a geometric representation of the spline coupling. A visual model is created from the input signals, and can be manipulated by changing different parameters and specifications.
The stiffness of a spline joint is another important parameter for determining the spline-coupling stiffness. The stiffness distribution of the spline joint affects the rotor’s lateral vibration and deformation. A finite element method is a useful technique for obtaining lateral stiffness of spline joints. This method involves many mesh refinements and requires a high computational cost.
The diameter of the spline-coupling must be large enough to transmit the torque. A spline with a larger diameter may have greater torque-transmitting capacity because it has a smaller circumference. However, the larger diameter of a spline is thinner than the shaft, and the latter may be more suitable if the torque is spread over a greater number of teeth.
Spline-couplings are classified according to their tooth profile along the axial and radial directions. The radial and axial tooth profiles affect the component’s behavior and wear damage. Splines with a crowned tooth profile are prone to angular misalignment. Typically, these spline-couplings are oversized to ensure durability and safety.

Stiffness of spline-coupling in torsional vibration analysis

This article presents a general framework for the study of torsional vibration caused by the stiffness of spline-couplings in aero-engines. It is based on a previous study on spline-couplings. It is characterized by the following 3 factors: bending stiffness, total flexibility, and tangential stiffness. The first criterion is the equivalent diameter of external and internal splines. Both the spline-coupling stiffness and the displacement of splines are evaluated by using the derivative of the total flexibility.
The stiffness of a spline joint can vary based on the distribution of load along the spline. Variables affecting the stiffness of spline joints include the torque level, tooth indexing errors, and misalignment. To explore the effects of these variables, an analytical formula is developed. The method is applicable for various kinds of spline joints, such as splines with multiple components.
Despite the difficulty of calculating spline-coupling stiffness, it is possible to model the contact between the teeth of the shaft and the hub using an analytical approach. This approach helps in determining key magnitudes of coupling operation such as contact peak pressures, reaction moments, and angular momentum. This approach allows for accurate results for spline-couplings and is suitable for both torsional vibration and structural vibration analysis.
The stiffness of spline-coupling is commonly assumed to be rigid in dynamic models. However, various dynamic phenomena associated with spline joints must be captured in high-fidelity drivetrain models. To accomplish this, a general analytical stiffness formulation is proposed based on a semi-analytical spline load distribution model. The resulting stiffness matrix contains radial and tilting stiffness values as well as torsional stiffness. The analysis is further simplified with the blockwise inversion method.
It is essential to consider the torsional vibration of a power transmission system before selecting the coupling. An accurate analysis of torsional vibration is crucial for coupling safety. This article also discusses case studies of spline shaft wear and torsionally-induced failures. The discussion will conclude with the development of a robust and efficient method to simulate these problems in real-life scenarios.
splineshaft

Effect of spline misalignment on rotor-spline coupling

In this study, the effect of spline misalignment in rotor-spline coupling is investigated. The stability boundary and mechanism of rotor instability are analyzed. We find that the meshing force of a misaligned spline coupling increases nonlinearly with spline thickness. The results demonstrate that the misalignment is responsible for the instability of the rotor-spline coupling system.
An intentional spline misalignment is introduced to achieve an interference fit and zero backlash condition. This leads to uneven load distribution among the spline teeth. A further spline misalignment of 50um can result in rotor-spline coupling failure. The maximum tensile root stress shifted to the left under this condition.
Positive spline misalignment increases the gear mesh misalignment. Conversely, negative spline misalignment has no effect. The right-handed spline misalignment is opposite to the helix hand. The high contact area is moved from the center to the left side. In both cases, gear mesh is misaligned due to deflection and tilting of the gear under load.
This variation of the tooth surface is measured as the change in clearance in the transverse plain. The radial and axial clearance values are the same, while the difference between the 2 is less. In addition to the frictional force, the axial clearance of the splines is the same, which increases the gear mesh misalignment. Hence, the same procedure can be used to determine the frictional force of a rotor-spline coupling.
Gear mesh misalignment influences spline-rotor coupling performance. This misalignment changes the distribution of the gear mesh and alters contact and bending stresses. Therefore, it is essential to understand the effects of misalignment in spline couplings. Using a simplified system of helical gear pair, Hong et al. examined the load distribution along the tooth interface of the spline. This misalignment caused the flank contact pattern to change. The misaligned teeth exhibited deflection under load and developed a tilting moment on the gear.
The effect of spline misalignment in rotor-spline couplings is minimized by using a mechanism that reduces backlash. The mechanism comprises cooperably splined male and female members. One member is formed by 2 coaxially aligned splined segments with end surfaces shaped to engage in sliding relationship. The connecting device applies axial loads to these segments, causing them to rotate relative to 1 another.

China Good quality CE Approved Farm Tractor Lawn Mower Side Pto Verge Mower with Hammers near me supplier China Good quality CE Approved Farm Tractor Lawn Mower Side Pto Verge Mower with Hammers near me supplier

China Standard CE Agl-185 Width 1800mm Hydraulic Flip Lawn Mower Heavy Sickle Alfalfa Hay Disc Garden Grass Machine Agricultural Machinery Trimmer Reciprocating Rotary Tractor near me manufacturer

Product Description

Made in China, Sold to the world
Versatile, Easy, Affordable, Powerful, Reliable
 

AGF/AGL series Hydraulic flip lawn mower product description

AGF/AGL series Hydraulic flip lawn mower product description

AGF/AGL series lawn mower By high-speed rotation of spindle, it is used for mowing in the field, and weeds no more than half a meter. It can turn over its body, for weeds on a slope and side trimming on the trees.
Hydraulic flip mower provide an effective solution for the control of excessive growth. PTO flail mower, also known as mulching mowers, are designed to mow and shred concurrently. The shredded materiall acts as an effective mulch, to retard ensuing growth while providing a medium that will better release nutrients into the soil.
Main sales territory: regions Europe, the United States, Russia, Ukraine, South America, Africa, southeast Asia and Australia.

 AGF/AGL series Hydraulic flip lawn mower Product Selling Points 

1. Transmission: By sturdy toothed belts.
2. It has hydraulic cylinders to adjust the right and left movement and turn over the body.
3. Gearbox is made of graphite casting iron. Material performance is better. Not easy broken.
4. After dynamic balance test, the blade axle can run stably at high speed, with lower noise.
5. The blades have more quantity, bigger density and higher mowing efficiency.
6. The roller is equipped with bearing on both ends, so it can run more flexibly, without stronger wearing.
7. Y shape blades and hammers are optional, to meet the needs of different customer.
8. The body can be turned over, so it has a wider range of application.
9. The verge Mowers are suitable for roadside verge, tree trimming and general mulching;
10. Hydraulic side adjustment;
11. Hydraulic inclining adjustment;
AGF series Hydraulic flip lawn mower technical parameters

Model AGF-145 AGF-165 AGF-185 AGF-200 AGF-220
Dimension(L×W×H) 1800×2225×1571mm 2000×2225×1571mm 2200×2225×1571mm 2400×2225×1571mm 2600×2225×1571mm
Structure Weight 598kg 670kg 750kg 830kg 900kg
Cutting Width 1400mm 1600mm 1800mm 2000mm 2200mm
PTO Turnning Speed 540r/min 540r/min 540r/min 540r/min 540r/min
PTO Spline 6×8×1600mm 6×8×1600mm 6×8×1600mm 6×8×1600mm 6×8×1600mm
Tractor HP 40-85HP 50-100HP 60-120HP 80-120HP 100-150HP

AGL series Hydraulic flip lawn mower technical parameters

Model AGL-125 AGL-145 AGL-165 AGL-185
Dimension(L×W×H) 1480x2225x1571mm 1800×2225×1571mm 2000×2225×1571mm 2200×2225×1571mm
Structure Weight 320kg 340kg 360kg 370kg
Cutting Width 125cm 1400mm 1600mm 1800mm
PTO Turnning Speed 540r/min 540r/min 540r/min 540r/min
PTO Spline 6x6x850 6×8×1600mm 6×8×1600mm 6×8×1600mm
Tractor HP 25~40hp 30-50HP 50-80HP 60-100HP

AGF/AGL series Hydraulic flip lawn mower  details show

Other series of lawn mowers on display


Lawn mower packaging and shipping link display

Picture display of tractors produced by our company

Our company produces other agricultural machinery display

Factory introduction

ZheJiang Euro Star Machinery Manufacture Co., Ltd. is a professional agricultural machinery manufacturer integrating R&D, design, manufacturing, sales and service. The company products cover road transport machinery, harvest machinery, equipment for plant protection, agricultural implements and agricultural unmanned machinery.
As a professional machinery equipment manufacturer in China, the company has committed itself to provide all-round solution to global modern agricultural mechanization. The company has integrating high-end products and technologies resources around the world by upgrading of technologies, quality and service and bringing forth new ideas to create innovative products as so to improve reputation and market share of CZPT in the world step by step.
The company has worked out comprehensive quality manual and quality control procedure files at all levels based on ISO9001:2000, covering product development, part purchase, production and manufacturing, quality inspection, sales and after-market service, so as to control the product quality on the whole.
Supported by comprehensive quality assurance system and developed sales and service network, the company has made leaping increase of sales in domestic market via trustful quality and outstanding service mode. Besides, Most of the company’s products have passed the European CE certification.products are exported to Europe, America, Latin America, the Middle East, Asia-Pacific, CIS, Africa and more than 50 countries and regions.Our products have been recognized by all foreign customers, and we are happy to establish long-term cooperative relationships with new friends.
Xihu (West Lake) Dis.g at satisfying the customers, we have worked hard to provide excellent and quick service to customers both at home and abroad via advanced technologies, developed products and comprehensive network so as to maximize the customer satisfaction.
In future, the company will adhere to the principle of sound business operation, continuous innovation and opening up and cooperation to create more high-end
machinery and equipment based on current ones for the society and for agriculture and contribute to global modern agriculture production.

Agricultural machinery factory production equipment display
Service

One-stop business chain service support system
With an international service team with rich experience and excellent skill, company is committed to build a complete service guarantee system, which is professional, fast, efficient and comprehensive. Every consumer in overseas would receive a full-process service guarantee including pre-sales, on sale and after sales through the way of markets, spare parts, training service and technical support.

1) Market Service
Service Mode : Stationary Point + Circuit Service
Long-term Stationary Point Service
Short-term Circuit Technology Support Service
Service Process: Standard, High Efficient, Seasonable
Service Image: Professional, Unified

2) Spare Parts Service
Spare Parts Guarantee Measures: Dealer+ Spare Part Warehouse
100% original spare parts assure good quality;
Bar-code system adopted in the whole process assures accuracy and promptness;
Professional and accurate package and logistics assure safe and relieved transportation.

3) Training Service
Characteristic Training Mode: invite the technicians of dealers to factory for training, send engineers to dealers for training;
A full range of training tools, multi-language training materials, vivid training video;
Professional training teachers with rich service experience and good communication capability;
One-to-1 special assignment training;
Remote online network training;

4) Technical Support
The whole process Technology support covers on sale and after-sale service.

Terms of the deal:

1). Delivery: 20 days for normal orders
2). Price: We have price on basis FOB HangZhou and CIF your destination for your choice
3). Payment terms for first order:
—–T/T 30% deposit and balance before shipment
—–100% L/C at sight
4). Payment for long terms cooperation of good reputation partners, we have SINOSURE insurance for our VIP clients, and we can offer credit service after we familiar with each other. We are looking for partnership for long-term business

FAQ:

Why choose us?
1). The quality is guaranteed due to strong technical support ,first class component ,advanced production line and strict quality control system.
2). Be leading Expert in global market for more than 5 years, China Famous Export Brand recommended by CCCME (China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Machinery and Electronic Products)
3). One-stop service with a large spare parts warehouse and professional service team .No matter where you are, you are guaranteed of Eurostar’ s warm reception, trustworthy and efficient professional services and persistent care.

How Shipment?
We have worked with many world famous shipping carriers and can arrange shipment to any country in the world, it can save your time and money. We can provide airfreight and CZPT service.

Contact us
Mr. Duke Zhang
ZheJiang Euro Star Machinery Manufacture Co., Ltd.
Add: 198 HangZhou Street, Xihu (West Lake) Dis. District, HangZhou City, ZheJiang Province,P.R.C.
Web:eurostartractor

EUROSTAR CUSTOMERS ALL OVER THE WORLD

Stiffness and Torsional Vibration of Spline-Couplings

In this paper, we describe some basic characteristics of spline-coupling and examine its torsional vibration behavior. We also explore the effect of spline misalignment on rotor-spline coupling. These results will assist in the design of improved spline-coupling systems for various applications. The results are presented in Table 1.
splineshaft

Stiffness of spline-coupling

The stiffness of a spline-coupling is a function of the meshing force between the splines in a rotor-spline coupling system and the static vibration displacement. The meshing force depends on the coupling parameters such as the transmitting torque and the spline thickness. It increases nonlinearly with the spline thickness.
A simplified spline-coupling model can be used to evaluate the load distribution of splines under vibration and transient loads. The axle spline sleeve is displaced a z-direction and a resistance moment T is applied to the outer face of the sleeve. This simple model can satisfy a wide range of engineering requirements but may suffer from complex loading conditions. Its asymmetric clearance may affect its engagement behavior and stress distribution patterns.
The results of the simulations show that the maximum vibration acceleration in both Figures 10 and 22 was 3.03 g/s. This results indicate that a misalignment in the circumferential direction increases the instantaneous impact. Asymmetry in the coupling geometry is also found in the meshing. The right-side spline’s teeth mesh tightly while those on the left side are misaligned.
Considering the spline-coupling geometry, a semi-analytical model is used to compute stiffness. This model is a simplified form of a classical spline-coupling model, with submatrices defining the shape and stiffness of the joint. As the design clearance is a known value, the stiffness of a spline-coupling system can be analyzed using the same formula.
The results of the simulations also show that the spline-coupling system can be modeled using MASTA, a high-level commercial CAE tool for transmission analysis. In this case, the spline segments were modeled as a series of spline segments with variable stiffness, which was calculated based on the initial gap between spline teeth. Then, the spline segments were modelled as a series of splines of increasing stiffness, accounting for different manufacturing variations. The resulting analysis of the spline-coupling geometry is compared to those of the finite-element approach.
Despite the high stiffness of a spline-coupling system, the contact status of the contact surfaces often changes. In addition, spline coupling affects the lateral vibration and deformation of the rotor. However, stiffness nonlinearity is not well studied in splined rotors because of the lack of a fully analytical model.
splineshaft

Characteristics of spline-coupling

The study of spline-coupling involves a number of design factors. These include weight, materials, and performance requirements. Weight is particularly important in the aeronautics field. Weight is often an issue for design engineers because materials have varying dimensional stability, weight, and durability. Additionally, space constraints and other configuration restrictions may require the use of spline-couplings in certain applications.
The main parameters to consider for any spline-coupling design are the maximum principal stress, the maldistribution factor, and the maximum tooth-bearing stress. The magnitude of each of these parameters must be smaller than or equal to the external spline diameter, in order to provide stability. The outer diameter of the spline must be at least 4 inches larger than the inner diameter of the spline.
Once the physical design is validated, the spline coupling knowledge base is created. This model is pre-programmed and stores the design parameter signals, including performance and manufacturing constraints. It then compares the parameter values to the design rule signals, and constructs a geometric representation of the spline coupling. A visual model is created from the input signals, and can be manipulated by changing different parameters and specifications.
The stiffness of a spline joint is another important parameter for determining the spline-coupling stiffness. The stiffness distribution of the spline joint affects the rotor’s lateral vibration and deformation. A finite element method is a useful technique for obtaining lateral stiffness of spline joints. This method involves many mesh refinements and requires a high computational cost.
The diameter of the spline-coupling must be large enough to transmit the torque. A spline with a larger diameter may have greater torque-transmitting capacity because it has a smaller circumference. However, the larger diameter of a spline is thinner than the shaft, and the latter may be more suitable if the torque is spread over a greater number of teeth.
Spline-couplings are classified according to their tooth profile along the axial and radial directions. The radial and axial tooth profiles affect the component’s behavior and wear damage. Splines with a crowned tooth profile are prone to angular misalignment. Typically, these spline-couplings are oversized to ensure durability and safety.

Stiffness of spline-coupling in torsional vibration analysis

This article presents a general framework for the study of torsional vibration caused by the stiffness of spline-couplings in aero-engines. It is based on a previous study on spline-couplings. It is characterized by the following 3 factors: bending stiffness, total flexibility, and tangential stiffness. The first criterion is the equivalent diameter of external and internal splines. Both the spline-coupling stiffness and the displacement of splines are evaluated by using the derivative of the total flexibility.
The stiffness of a spline joint can vary based on the distribution of load along the spline. Variables affecting the stiffness of spline joints include the torque level, tooth indexing errors, and misalignment. To explore the effects of these variables, an analytical formula is developed. The method is applicable for various kinds of spline joints, such as splines with multiple components.
Despite the difficulty of calculating spline-coupling stiffness, it is possible to model the contact between the teeth of the shaft and the hub using an analytical approach. This approach helps in determining key magnitudes of coupling operation such as contact peak pressures, reaction moments, and angular momentum. This approach allows for accurate results for spline-couplings and is suitable for both torsional vibration and structural vibration analysis.
The stiffness of spline-coupling is commonly assumed to be rigid in dynamic models. However, various dynamic phenomena associated with spline joints must be captured in high-fidelity drivetrain models. To accomplish this, a general analytical stiffness formulation is proposed based on a semi-analytical spline load distribution model. The resulting stiffness matrix contains radial and tilting stiffness values as well as torsional stiffness. The analysis is further simplified with the blockwise inversion method.
It is essential to consider the torsional vibration of a power transmission system before selecting the coupling. An accurate analysis of torsional vibration is crucial for coupling safety. This article also discusses case studies of spline shaft wear and torsionally-induced failures. The discussion will conclude with the development of a robust and efficient method to simulate these problems in real-life scenarios.
splineshaft

Effect of spline misalignment on rotor-spline coupling

In this study, the effect of spline misalignment in rotor-spline coupling is investigated. The stability boundary and mechanism of rotor instability are analyzed. We find that the meshing force of a misaligned spline coupling increases nonlinearly with spline thickness. The results demonstrate that the misalignment is responsible for the instability of the rotor-spline coupling system.
An intentional spline misalignment is introduced to achieve an interference fit and zero backlash condition. This leads to uneven load distribution among the spline teeth. A further spline misalignment of 50um can result in rotor-spline coupling failure. The maximum tensile root stress shifted to the left under this condition.
Positive spline misalignment increases the gear mesh misalignment. Conversely, negative spline misalignment has no effect. The right-handed spline misalignment is opposite to the helix hand. The high contact area is moved from the center to the left side. In both cases, gear mesh is misaligned due to deflection and tilting of the gear under load.
This variation of the tooth surface is measured as the change in clearance in the transverse plain. The radial and axial clearance values are the same, while the difference between the 2 is less. In addition to the frictional force, the axial clearance of the splines is the same, which increases the gear mesh misalignment. Hence, the same procedure can be used to determine the frictional force of a rotor-spline coupling.
Gear mesh misalignment influences spline-rotor coupling performance. This misalignment changes the distribution of the gear mesh and alters contact and bending stresses. Therefore, it is essential to understand the effects of misalignment in spline couplings. Using a simplified system of helical gear pair, Hong et al. examined the load distribution along the tooth interface of the spline. This misalignment caused the flank contact pattern to change. The misaligned teeth exhibited deflection under load and developed a tilting moment on the gear.
The effect of spline misalignment in rotor-spline couplings is minimized by using a mechanism that reduces backlash. The mechanism comprises cooperably splined male and female members. One member is formed by 2 coaxially aligned splined segments with end surfaces shaped to engage in sliding relationship. The connecting device applies axial loads to these segments, causing them to rotate relative to 1 another.

China Standard CE Agl-185 Width 1800mm Hydraulic Flip Lawn Mower Heavy Sickle Alfalfa Hay Disc Garden Grass Machine Agricultural Machinery Trimmer Reciprocating Rotary Tractor near me manufacturer China Standard CE Agl-185 Width 1800mm Hydraulic Flip Lawn Mower Heavy Sickle Alfalfa Hay Disc Garden Grass Machine Agricultural Machinery Trimmer Reciprocating Rotary Tractor near me manufacturer

China factory Agricultural Farm Tractor Hydraulic Verge Flail Mower (mulcher) with Good quality

Product Description

Specification:

  1. 3 point U-shape linkage
  2. Graphite casting iron gearbox
  3. Tractor power required: 25-55hp
  4. With CE certificate

Performance and Advantage

  1. Transmission: By sturdy toothed belts.
  2. It has hydraulic cylinders to adjust the right and left movement and turn over the body.
  3. Gearbox is made of graphite casting iron. Material performance is better. Not easy broken.
  4. After dynamic balance test, the blade axle can run stably at high speed, with lower noise.
  5. The blades have more quantity, bigger density and higher mowing efficiency.
  6. The roller is equipped with bearing on both ends, so it can run more flexibly, without stronger wearing.
  7. Y shape blades and hammers are optional, to meet the needs of different customer. 
  8. The body can be turned over, so it has a wider range of application.

    
Specifications                                            

Model EFGL-125 EFGL-135 EFGL-150
Dimension(mm) 1400×1545×840 1500×1545×840 1650×1545×840
Weight(Kg) 300 KG 320Kg 350KG
Cutting Width 1250mm 1350mm 1500mm
PTO Input Speed 540r/min 540r/min 540r/min
Hammer blades( normal) 24 28 28
Y shape blades(option)      48 56 56
Power Required 25-45HP 30-50HP 35-55HP
Angle -60°~ +90° -60°~ +90° -60°~ +90°
Packing size(mm) 1450*880*700 1550*880*700 1700*880*700

EFGL125-150:Packed in iron shelf.
Production time: 22 -30 working days.
Function:
By high-speed rotation of spindle, it is used for mowing in the field, and weeds no more than half a meter. It can turn over its body, for weeds on a slope and side trimming on the trees.

Product Detail                                           

Company Profile                                    

HangZhou CZPT Industry & Trade Co., Ltd., is a professional manufacturer and exporter of whole set of agriculture machines and garden tools. Our company was established since 2003 with Hanma Industry Company.

Our main products include rotovator, flail mower, finishing mower, CZPT mower, wood chipper, plow, cultivator, potato harvester/ planter and Japanese tractor parts, etc. Due to our super International quality standard and rapid & excellent after-sales service, CZPT machines are greatly popular in various markets around the world, and already reached to Europe, North America, South America, Australia, almost covers 80 countries in World.

LEFA always believe that we will take better farming life to you by top-quality laser cutting machine & CNC bending machine & professional paint-spraying & strong welding.

Packing & Shipping                                                        

Packaging Detail: Iron pallet or wooden cases
Delivery Detail: By sea or By air

1. Waterproof packing with the international export standard by 20ft, 40ftcontainer.
Wooden Case or Iron Pallet.
2. The whole set of machines size are large as normal, so we will use Waterproof materials to pack
all of them. The motor, gear box or other easily damaged parts, we will put them into box. 

Machine videos in YOUTOBE  

          EFDL SIDE MOWERS

         EFG FLAIL MOWERS   

         EFGL SIDE MOWERS

          FM FINISHING MOWERS

        TM CZPT MOWERS

            RT ROTARY TILLERS

https://youtu.be/d3H1-yXUImc                       AP-90 POTATO HARVESTER

FAQ:                                                                 
Q1. How to buy flail mowers?
Inquiry ———> Quotation ——–>Price reasonable ——->Check with specification —–>Proforma Invoice sent ————>Payment made ——-> Producing the items ——->Product shipment ———–> Customer confirm

Q2.How long is the delivery date for flail mowers?
A:In general, we can ship the goods within 30-45 days after receiving your payment. Of course, it also depends on your quantity.

Q3. How can I get to your factory to buy flail mowers?
A:We are located in HangZhou, only 1 hour’s distance to ZheJiang or HangZhou. You can fly to ZheJiang /HangZhou/HangZhou Airport , the transportation is very convenient

Q4.Do you have stock for flail mowers?
A:In general, we have some stock, while if you need a bulk order, we still need time to produce it. Of course, we will inform all details you before your payment.

Q5: What’s your main products?
A: Our products are covered almost all farm machines and Japanese tractors parts, we can meet your any demands.

Q6. What is your terms of payment?
A: T/T, L/C, Paypal, Western Union

 

How to Calculate Stiffness, Centering Force, Wear and Fatigue Failure of Spline Couplings

There are various types of spline couplings. These couplings have several important properties. These properties are: Stiffness, Involute splines, Misalignment, Wear and fatigue failure. To understand how these characteristics relate to spline couplings, read this article. It will give you the necessary knowledge to determine which type of coupling best suits your needs. Keeping in mind that spline couplings are usually spherical in shape, they are made of steel.
splineshaft

Involute splines

An effective side interference condition minimizes gear misalignment. When 2 splines are coupled with no spline misalignment, the maximum tensile root stress shifts to the left by 5 mm. A linear lead variation, which results from multiple connections along the length of the spline contact, increases the effective clearance or interference by a given percentage. This type of misalignment is undesirable for coupling high-speed equipment.
Involute splines are often used in gearboxes. These splines transmit high torque, and are better able to distribute load among multiple teeth throughout the coupling circumference. The involute profile and lead errors are related to the spacing between spline teeth and keyways. For coupling applications, industry practices use splines with 25 to 50-percent of spline teeth engaged. This load distribution is more uniform than that of conventional single-key couplings.
To determine the optimal tooth engagement for an involved spline coupling, Xiangzhen Xue and colleagues used a computer model to simulate the stress applied to the splines. The results from this study showed that a “permissible” Ruiz parameter should be used in coupling. By predicting the amount of wear and tear on a crowned spline, the researchers could accurately predict how much damage the components will sustain during the coupling process.
There are several ways to determine the optimal pressure angle for an involute spline. Involute splines are commonly measured using a pressure angle of 30 degrees. Similar to gears, involute splines are typically tested through a measurement over pins. This involves inserting specific-sized wires between gear teeth and measuring the distance between them. This method can tell whether the gear has a proper tooth profile.
The spline system shown in Figure 1 illustrates a vibration model. This simulation allows the user to understand how involute splines are used in coupling. The vibration model shows 4 concentrated mass blocks that represent the prime mover, the internal spline, and the load. It is important to note that the meshing deformation function represents the forces acting on these 3 components.
splineshaft

Stiffness of coupling

The calculation of stiffness of a spline coupling involves the measurement of its tooth engagement. In the following, we analyze the stiffness of a spline coupling with various types of teeth using 2 different methods. Direct inversion and blockwise inversion both reduce CPU time for stiffness calculation. However, they require evaluation submatrices. Here, we discuss the differences between these 2 methods.
The analytical model for spline couplings is derived in the second section. In the third section, the calculation process is explained in detail. We then validate this model against the FE method. Finally, we discuss the influence of stiffness nonlinearity on the rotor dynamics. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method. We present a simple yet effective method for estimating the lateral stiffness of spline couplings.
The numerical calculation of the spline coupling is based on the semi-analytical spline load distribution model. This method involves refined contact grids and updating the compliance matrix at each iteration. Hence, it consumes significant computational time. Further, it is difficult to apply this method to the dynamic analysis of a rotor. This method has its own limitations and should be used only when the spline coupling is fully investigated.
The meshing force is the force generated by a misaligned spline coupling. It is related to the spline thickness and the transmitting torque of the rotor. The meshing force is also related to the dynamic vibration displacement. The result obtained from the meshing force analysis is given in Figures 7, 8, and 9.
The analysis presented in this paper aims to investigate the stiffness of spline couplings with a misaligned spline. Although the results of previous studies were accurate, some issues remained. For example, the misalignment of the spline may cause contact damages. The aim of this article is to investigate the problems associated with misaligned spline couplings and propose an analytical approach for estimating the contact pressure in a spline connection. We also compare our results to those obtained by pure numerical approaches.

Misalignment

To determine the centering force, the effective pressure angle must be known. Using the effective pressure angle, the centering force is calculated based on the maximum axial and radial loads and updated Dudley misalignment factors. The centering force is the maximum axial force that can be transmitted by friction. Several published misalignment factors are also included in the calculation. A new method is presented in this paper that considers the cam effect in the normal force.
In this new method, the stiffness along the spline joint can be integrated to obtain a global stiffness that is applicable to torsional vibration analysis. The stiffness of bearings can also be calculated at given levels of misalignment, allowing for accurate estimation of bearing dimensions. It is advisable to check the stiffness of bearings at all times to ensure that they are properly sized and aligned.
A misalignment in a spline coupling can result in wear or even failure. This is caused by an incorrectly aligned pitch profile. This problem is often overlooked, as the teeth are in contact throughout the involute profile. This causes the load to not be evenly distributed along the contact line. Consequently, it is important to consider the effect of misalignment on the contact force on the teeth of the spline coupling.
The centre of the male spline in Figure 2 is superposed on the female spline. The alignment meshing distances are also identical. Hence, the meshing force curves will change according to the dynamic vibration displacement. It is necessary to know the parameters of a spline coupling before implementing it. In this paper, the model for misalignment is presented for spline couplings and the related parameters.
Using a self-made spline coupling test rig, the effects of misalignment on a spline coupling are studied. In contrast to the typical spline coupling, misalignment in a spline coupling causes fretting wear at a specific position on the tooth surface. This is a leading cause of failure in these types of couplings.
splineshaft

Wear and fatigue failure

The failure of a spline coupling due to wear and fatigue is determined by the first occurrence of tooth wear and shaft misalignment. Standard design methods do not account for wear damage and assess the fatigue life with big approximations. Experimental investigations have been conducted to assess wear and fatigue damage in spline couplings. The tests were conducted on a dedicated test rig and special device connected to a standard fatigue machine. The working parameters such as torque, misalignment angle, and axial distance have been varied in order to measure fatigue damage. Over dimensioning has also been assessed.
During fatigue and wear, mechanical sliding takes place between the external and internal splines and results in catastrophic failure. The lack of literature on the wear and fatigue of spline couplings in aero-engines may be due to the lack of data on the coupling’s application. Wear and fatigue failure in splines depends on a number of factors, including the material pair, geometry, and lubrication conditions.
The analysis of spline couplings shows that over-dimensioning is common and leads to different damages in the system. Some of the major damages are wear, fretting, corrosion, and teeth fatigue. Noise problems have also been observed in industrial settings. However, it is difficult to evaluate the contact behavior of spline couplings, and numerical simulations are often hampered by the use of specific codes and the boundary element method.
The failure of a spline gear coupling was caused by fatigue, and the fracture initiated at the bottom corner radius of the keyway. The keyway and splines had been overloaded beyond their yield strength, and significant yielding was observed in the spline gear teeth. A fracture ring of non-standard alloy steel exhibited a sharp corner radius, which was a significant stress raiser.
Several components were studied to determine their life span. These components include the spline shaft, the sealing bolt, and the graphite ring. Each of these components has its own set of design parameters. However, there are similarities in the distributions of these components. Wear and fatigue failure of spline couplings can be attributed to a combination of the 3 factors. A failure mode is often defined as a non-linear distribution of stresses and strains.

China factory Agricultural Farm Tractor Hydraulic Verge Flail Mower (mulcher) with Good qualityChina factory Agricultural Farm Tractor Hydraulic Verge Flail Mower (mulcher) with Good quality